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Thousands of people come to Egypt each year, fleeing the wars and bloody conflicts in their home countries - Sudan, Somalia, Palestine, Iraq and others. Most of them apply for refugee status or asylum through the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) office in Cairo. By far, the greatest number of refuges coming to Egypt are those fleeing the violence of the longest civil war in the 20th century, fought in Sudan for decades.
There are no exact data on the number of Sudanese living currently in Egypt. Estimates range from 1 to 5 million people. Although many Sudanese are in the country illegally, arriving on tourist visas and staying for economic reasons, thousands came as legitimate refugees, forced to leave their homes because of the war.
The UNHCR office in Cairo decides on the status of the applications of refugees or asylum seekers. Those granted the status of refugee can receive some assistance, such as access to health and education services and possible re-settlement in a third country. This process is about seven months long and complicated. Over the years, fewer and fewer applications have been approved. For example, in 2002 only 24% of the Sudanese applying to the UNCHR were recognized as refugees. Less than 50% of refugees were resettled to another country. By 2004, the UNHCR halted refugee determinations after the Sudanese peace accords and ceased considerations of applications by Sudanese for resettlement abroad. Thousands of people found themselves stranded in Egypt, unable to move forward into the future, but hesitant to return to Sudan for fear of new violence or having lost everything in war.
In 2005, there were 24,000 officially registered Sudanese living in Egypt (mostly in urban areas). They face challenging conditions, in a country where resources are already very limited and twenty million of its own citizens live below the poverty line. As one could expect, in such circumstances, the relationship between the locals and the Sudanese has been growing increasingly uneasy. The American University in Cairo released a report in July 2006 pointing out that the migrants from Sudan, regardless of their official status, face unemployment, poor housing, limited access to health and education and racial discrimination. |